1. The fission process generates many krypton and xenon isotopes both directly and as aconsequence of radioactive decay of their precursors.

2. Helium isotops are among the products of thermonuclear reactions.

3. Neutrons generated by the detonation interact with components of the explosive, and of the surrounding medium, to create noble gas isotopes through nuclear reaction processes.

4. The detonation itself vaporizes, melts, and fractures the medium surounding it, causing the release of soil gases to the chimney voids.

5. Air normally enters the chimney region to replace the condensing steam during the cooling process, and in doing so introduces an often significant quantity of noble gases that may be generally termed "background"


C.F.Smith, Utilization of the noble gasses in studies of underground nuclear detonations, Symposium on noble gases, 1973

Heute die Geologie zum Nevada Test Site und Novaya Zemlya Test Site abgeschlossen. Wer kann mir auf der Minoga behilflich sein?

Geschafft: minoga2007 (pdf, 2,541 KB)

Poster noch nicht fertig... Fehlen tut:

1. Warum Xenon? Zerfallskette, Halbwertszeit, Eigenschaften
2. Das Non Proliferation Experiment
3. Referenzen


Ach ja: Powerpoint ist so verfickt scheise! Wer isn so dumm und erstellt im ernst Poster als Powerpointpräsentation?!?!?!?!?

D a z u

1. Zerfallskette Xenon
2. Effekt unterschiedl. Diffusionskoeffizienten von He3 und SF6

T h e m e n :

1. Barometrisches Pumpen
2. Double-Porosity-Modell
3. Das Non-Proliferation-Experimant
4. Nevada Test Site / Novaja Semlja Test Site
5. Numerische Methoden



M a t e r i a l :

1. Abb: Schematisches Diagramm von DP-Modell

2. Hinweis Long and Witherspoon über randomly interconnected networks

3. Kurzwegs Oscillatory Model



F r a g e n / Z u s ä t z l i c h e s :

1. Warum Xenon? -> Edelgas, Untergrund, Detektierbarkeit, Halbwertszeit, Isotopenverhältnis

2. Wieviel Prozent des Kontaminates verlässt nach einigen Zyklen athmosphärischen Pumpens den Boden?

3. Wieviel verlässt den Boden nach ebenso vielen Zyklen, wenn es keine Matrix gibt?

4. Ws passiert, wenn ich die Spaltapertur um Größenordnungen verändere?

. Athmospheric pumping studied by the Nuclear Test Containment Program at LLNL

. Amplitude of the motion in the fractures is controlled by the seepage of fluid in and out of the matrix blocks.

. Double porosity model:
permeability = Durchlassgeschichte
porosity = Speichergeschichte

. Aber wenn porosity (matrix or fracture) speichert, wie koennte eine Funktion dazu aussehen? Was ist denn mit porosity = 100% (fracture)?

. Closing of the Semipalatinsk underground nuclear test site, Kazakhstan: Aug 1991

. only currently declared (1993) Russian test site: NZ

. Paper reviews geologic data on NZ published in various books and Journals over a period of 70 years

. For OSI: presented data usefull for estimating the coupling characteristic of the rock, potential for decoupling , comparisons with the geology of othr nuclear test sites worldwide

. Between 1964 and 1990, 36 underground tests have been conducted at this test site

. The Matochkin Shar test site has not been as active as the test sites in eastern Kazakhstan deactivated 1991

. Underground nuclear testing at the Matochkin Shar site occurs in low-porosity, metasedimentary, fractured and faulted rocks in a permafrost environment

. Conditions under the U.S. has no previous test experience

.Themajority of tests appear to have been conducted in clastic rocks, though some mapped test epicenters are located on stratigraphic units composed mostly of carbonates

. In spite of scaled depths of burial similar to those used at he U.S. test site, a large number (72%) of tests at Matochkin Shar resulted in seepage of radioactive inert gases into the atmosphere, suggesting that the testing media do not provide reliable, complete containment of radioactive explosions products

. Former Soviet Union conducted 132 nuclear test between Sept 21, 55 and Oct 24, 90

. 87 athmosphere (1 surface, 3 water surface, 83 air bursts)

. 3 underwater between 55-62

. 42 underground between 64-90

. The underground nuclear test site, loca´ted along the Matochkin Shar strai is the only former Soviet nuclear test site that is presently declared under the 1963 Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT)

. An underground site on the southern part of the islands was deactivated 1975

. Underground tests average one or two per year between 1964 an 1990

. Matochkin Shar test site: 36 test during 64-90

. Matoshkin Shar site is composed of bedded, fractured and faulted sedimentary rocks which dip to the northwest, but are near vertical in Mt. Lasareff, along the strait, where some testing has occured

. deformation of therocks in the test area is due primarly to thrust faulting, though folding occurs

. The tests have occured in low-porosity rocks of middle Paleozoic age, mostly shale, siltstone, sandstone, quartzite, and conglomeate with lesser amounts of limestone and dolomite

. Descriptions of sericite and chlorite schists and quartzites at Matochkin Shar suggests that the rocks are metamorphosed to he Greenschists fascies.

. The largest granitic intrusion on Novaya Zemlya is located on the northern side of the straits, about 20 km to the westt of the current testing region

. No underground test are known to have occured in the granite

. NZ is located in the zone of continuous permafrost

. Up to 600 m thick in the higher mountains

. Uncertain if the tests have occured within or below the permafrost

. Testzonen:
Sukhoy Nos, nördl Insel
Guba Mityushikha, südl Insel
Guba Chernaya, südl Insel

. Wo sind die relevanten Testzonen (unterirdische)?

. Welches Gestein liegt dort vor?

. Wie sind ihre Porositäten?

. Welche weiter relevanten geophysiklische/geologische Eigenschaften weisen sie auf?

. Wie tief liegen die Grundwasserspiegel?

. In welchen Tiefen fanden die Detonationen statt?

. Wie weit entfernt vom Grundwasserspiegel?

. Was ist Metasediment? Welche physikalische Eigenschaften? Welche Porösität?

. Ich brauche dringend eine Liste, aus der die Zuordnung der Hole-Numbers zu stattgefundenem Kernwaffentests hervorgeht.

. Welches Art von Gestein hat welche Porösität?

. Welche Rolle spielt der Wassergehalt im Gestein? Effekt auf das Double-Porosity-Modell?

. Welche Test haben in welcher Tiefe auf Novaja Semlja stattgefunden?

. Digger, gibt ja noch das VDW-Konzept!


° Stiftung! Lebenslauf, Bewerbung
° Theatermail
° Zussammenfassung KleinstTT
° Wer macht Technik fuer Rum und Vodka?
° POSTER: DP, Chatwin, Kurzweg, welche Rolle spielen die?

Mit zunehmender Tiefe der Detonation schwaecht die Chimneybildung ab: ab 1200ft stuerzt das Deckmaterial nicht ein. Wieso?

- granulare Physik?
- Richtcharakteristik der Schockwelle nach oben?
- Damit verbundene Lockerungswirkung?
- Wie koppelt die Energie in das umgebende Gestein?
- Lili mailn!

Novaya Zemlya hat Regionen mit Permafrost.

"At NZNTS the thickness of permafrost reaches about 400-500m in the mountainous regions and about 250-350m in the flat-lying regions"
(A review of nuclear testing by the soviet union at novaya zemlya, 1955-1990, Vitaly I. Khalturin et al.)

Was ist eigentlich, wenn Permafrost vorliegt?

Inwiefern wirkt sich das auf das Double Porosity Model aus?

Ist Porosity = 0?


"A significant number of UNTS at NZTS were conducted within the permafrost layer. [...] The rocks at NZTS at several hundred meters depth have extremely low ice (water) content and are in a less fractured state than near-surface rocks"
(dto.)

"The climate on the islands is extreme. The average temperature from december to march is -15°; from April to May -5°; and from september to november -7°." Ice cover at sea and snow cover an land are both stable from october until mid-june.